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TYPES OF CONCRETE MIX DESIGN

The Constructor

Nominal Mixes In the past the specifications for concrete prescribed the proportions of cement, fine and coarse aggregates. Nominal Mixes In the past the specifications for concrete prescribed the proportions of cement, fine and coarse aggregates.

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ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA FOR DESIGN MIX CONCRETE

The Constructor

The concrete shall be deemed to comply with the strength requirements if: a) every sample has a test strength not less than the characteristic value;or b) The strength of one or more samples though less than the characteristic value, is in each case not less than the greater of : 1) The characteristic strength minus 1.35

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TYPES OF CRACKS IN CONCRETE BEAMS

The Constructor

Cracks in concrete beams due to increased shear stress 2. Cracks in concrete beams due to corrosion or insufficient concrete cover 3. Cracks parallel to main steel in case of corrosion in beams 4. Cracks due to increased bending stress in beams 5.

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TEMPERATURE EFFECTS ON CONCRETE

The Constructor

The size of movement depends upon the change in temperature and the coefficient of thermal expansion o f concrete. The coefficient of thermal expansion of concrete is influenced largely by the coefficient of thermal expansion of the aggregates since the aggregate occupies 70-80% of the volume of the concrete.

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REINFORCEMENT COVER AND PRE-CONCRETE CHECKS

The Constructor

From the diagram above, we can see how the process unfolds. When the binding has set, the steel bars are placed into position.

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STRUCTURAL USES OF PRECAST CONCRETE

The Constructor

Use of Precast Concrete in frames: There are two main types of precast building frame. The structural frame consists of slabs, beams and columns. Structural frames are mainly used for offices, car parks and retail developments. The cross-wall frame consists of floor slabs and solid walls.

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REDUCING DRYING SHRINKAGE IN CONCRETE

The Constructor

Upon wetting, concrete tends to expand. This type of shrinkage is caused by the loss of moisture from the cement paste constituent, which can shrink by as much as 1% per unit length. Unfortunately, aggregate provides internal restraint that reduces the magnitude of this volume change to about 0.05%.

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