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INSPECTION OF A BRIDGE STRUCTURE - The Constructor

The Constructor

Hence, the bridge must be regularly inspected and maintained for the benefit of its users. There are three levels of inspection: 1. General inspection: Usual inspection of representative parts of a structure. General inspection: Usual inspection of representative parts of a structure.

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REINFORCEMENT COVER AND PRE-CONCRETE CHECKS

The Constructor

When the formwork is erected the concrete can be poured. When the concrete has reached the required strength the formwork can be poured. If the steel had been placed too close to the surface and the concrete had been poured then over time the steel may become exposed to moisture and corrosion will commence.

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PRE-CONCRETE CHECKS FOR FORMWORK & RELEASE AGENTS

The Constructor

Depending on how big or complicated the pour is, the inspection may just take few minutes or it could take hours. Formwork pressures are function of height (including the height from which concrete is dropped into the forms) and are affected by concrete workability, rate of stiffening and rate of placing.

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FORMWORK AND GOOD FORMWORK PROPERTIES

The Constructor

When concrete is fresh and in its liquid state it must be restrained within a mould in order for it to set in its required shape. A smooth outer surface provides the main support for the concrete as it sets. Concrete is approximately 2.4 Formwork is the term used to describe this mould. This is normally made of plywood.

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COMMON STRUCTURAL FAILURE CAUSES

The Constructor

8) inadequate preparation and review of contract and shop drawings. (9) Other common causes of structural failure are: (5) lack of appropriate professional design and construction experience, especially when novel structures are needed. (6) 6) complexity of codes and specifications leading to misinterpretation and misapplication. (7)

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FIXING OF PRECAST CLADDING

The Constructor

These fixings generally take the form of concrete nibs or metal (usually stainless steel) angles. Restraint fixings are designed to hold panels back and transfer all horizontal forces (such as wind pressure or suction) to the structure.

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STAAD PRO MANUELS & GUIDES

The Constructor

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