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INSPECTION OF A BRIDGE STRUCTURE - The Constructor

The Constructor

Hence, the bridge must be regularly inspected and maintained for the benefit of its users. There are three levels of inspection: 1. General inspection: Usual inspection of representative parts of a structure. Carried out nor more than two years after last general or principal inspection.

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REINFORCEMENT COVER AND PRE-CONCRETE CHECKS

The Constructor

From the diagram above, we can see how the process unfolds. When the binding has set, the steel bars are placed into position.

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PRE-CONCRETE CHECKS FOR FORMWORK & RELEASE AGENTS

The Constructor

Depending on how big or complicated the pour is, the inspection may just take few minutes or it could take hours. Only when the formwork has been approved, may the pour take place.

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TYPES OF CRACKS IN CONCRETE BEAMS

The Constructor

Cracks in concrete beams due to increased shear stress 2. Cracks in concrete beams due to corrosion or insufficient concrete cover 3. Cracks parallel to main steel in case of corrosion in beams 4. Cracks due to increased bending stress in beams 5.

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TEMPERATURE EFFECTS ON CONCRETE

The Constructor

The size of movement depends upon the change in temperature and the coefficient of thermal expansion o f concrete. The coefficient of thermal expansion of concrete is influenced largely by the coefficient of thermal expansion of the aggregates since the aggregate occupies 70-80% of the volume of the concrete.

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STRUCTURAL USES OF PRECAST CONCRETE

The Constructor

Use of Precast Concrete in frames: There are two main types of precast building frame. The structural frame consists of slabs, beams and columns. Structural frames are mainly used for offices, car parks and retail developments. The cross-wall frame consists of floor slabs and solid walls.

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REDUCING DRYING SHRINKAGE IN CONCRETE

The Constructor

Upon wetting, concrete tends to expand. This type of shrinkage is caused by the loss of moisture from the cement paste constituent, which can shrink by as much as 1% per unit length. Unfortunately, aggregate provides internal restraint that reduces the magnitude of this volume change to about 0.05%.

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